How+did+native+populations+react+to+imperialism?+Contrast+South+Asian+reactions+to+African+and+Southeast+Asian+reactions.

All of this is going to be presented to you by: Grady Jane Woodfin :]

How did native populations react to imperialism? Contrast South Asian reactions to African and Southeast Asian reactions.



Definition of imperialism: The policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political hegemony over other nations.

The super powers in 1914 to the present were Europe, the US, and Japan. They were very interested in expanding their territory and rule as far as they could and by any means. This super powers had reasons for imperialism. They wanted things like money so they'd get people who would work for cheap and resources such as the following raw materials: oil, cotton, rubber, tea, iron, gold, diamonds, silk, copper, etc. They wanted colonies with people who would buy the stuff that was being produced. They wanted a 'dumping ground' so they could send excess population/criminals there (Canada, Austrilia). They also wanted strategic contol over seas and land to gain power and also keep other countries from gaining power.

Europe had been interested in Africa for centuries due to slave trade. Much of Africa was unexplored until the 1880s which made European influence restricted to the coast line. It was difficult to get to the interior due to geography and diseases (yellow fever, maleria, etc) made exporation hard. There was a scramble to colonize Africa. Everyone wanted a bit of Africa for themselves. By 1914, 90% of Africa was contolled by Europe. Berlin Conference in 1885 set the ground rules for European colonization of Africa. With the scramble were many consquences. Traditional way of life was disrupted, economic explotiation of Africans, European racism imported into Africa, spread of European culture, and the spread of western technology. All the imperialism brought new beliefs to the contolled African people. They began to encourage ideas of the Enlightenment and began rebelling to eventually form their own national idenity.
 * France-- Northwest Africa
 * Britain-- Eygpt to South Africa
 * Belgium-- in the Congo (centeral Africa)
 * Italy-- Libya and Eastern Africa
 * Portugal-- southern Africa
 * Germany-- scattered areas.

In India, Europeans took over slowly. The consequences were British educational system was established, spread of English language, railroads tie India together, and the rise of the Indian middle class. In China, they had a potientially huge market that was closed to European trade until 1800s, this caused the Opium War that forced the Chinese to trade opium with the British. By 1900s, China was divided up into European "spheres of infuence". Parts of China were under European control, and the Chinese morarchy was seriously weakened. Then there began the rise of nationalist movements in Asia.

India China
 * Indian National Congress (1885)
 * Group of middle class Indians demand independence (Mohandas Gandhi)
 * Boxer Rebellion (1900)
 * Nationalist party

In Japan, it had been long isolated from Western trade, but the U.S, opens up to trade with Japan in 1884. And this begins the Meiji Restoration(1886). This meant that the faction overthrew the Shogun and put an emperior back in charge, and Japan begins to import Western ideas and technology. By the 1890s, Japan had adopted imperialism and began to expand. In 1895, it defeats China and takes over Taiwan. And then in 1905 it defeats Russia and takes over Korea.
 * //__Conclusions draw__//**:
 * There were different reasons for European imperialism in the late 19th centery.
 * European imperialism cause reactions in Africa and Asia.
 * European imperialism disrupts the traditional way of life and continues to affect the world today.


 * //__Impacts of imperialization:__//**
 * created infustructure in colonies (railroads, etc)
 * increased levels of formal education
 * gave people access to Western medicines and hospitals (but sometimes only after introducing Western viruses)
 * brought ideas of freedom and liberty
 * plunder natural resources
 * create of dual economics
 * create the loss of independent political power
 * eventually bring about "imperial over-reach"

The west became dominant because it was oppressive.